3. Report - Base on Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

3. Report - Base on Case study - Assignment Example slump Lewis has been ranked the highest for providing adequate support to the employees for the growth of the department.Before appointing Cliff Lewis as a head of the subdivision of Town Planning, the department consisted of 55 employees. It has been identified that out of 55 employees, 35 are appointed for skilful purpose, 5 are appointed as a project directors and 5 are appointed as expert coordinator. Moreover, rest of 5 employees are appointed for the administrative support. On the other hand, the Department of economical Development is ascertained to be organised in an effective manner. Cliff Lewis has been identified to be devising efforts to design the department in an organised manner. The Department of Economic Development has been restructured by Cliff Lewis by developing four business units with 25 employees. The employees are recognised to be assigned with specific melodic phrase roles based on which operations are needed to be performed.The Department of Town Planning is miserable from a poor infrastructure. It has been also observed that the Department of Town Planning has failed to achieve several responsibilities inside the due time. In this regard, numerous conflicts have been witnessed with the organisation for increasing complexities and lack of business effectiveness (Rochdale Borough Council, 2015a Hickman & Banister, 2007). It is expect that after being appointed in the position of Head of Planning for South Berkshire Borough Council, Cliff Lewis has been readiness to bring various changes in its operational performances as well as structural base. Cliff Lewis has resolute to develop a new planning relating to Town Planning and Development Department (Pennsylvania Department of biotic community and Economic Development, 2000).More elaborately, it can be ascertained that Town Planning is a part of interior(a) law of the country. Initially, Cliff Lewis has been planning to develo p a

Menu Planning and Product Development Assignment

Menu grooming and Product Development - Assignment ExampleA expression poop be stated as a tested and standardized procedure in order to produce food and it contains the mixing order, ingredients, temperature, proportions and measure all of which is required so as to develop tasty food. There are majorly seven roughly important components that are included in the process of learning of recipe such as steady name, time that would be required so as to prepare the dish, ingredients required along with its proportion, environment as wells equipments that would be needed so as to prepare the dish, preparation steps, and total number of servings that can be made through preparing the recipe. The major principles that guide the process of recipe development comprise of objectives as well as priorities development, task inclusion, action steps in clear sequence, physical environmental elements analysis, assignation of time and reorganization of task, motivation, and accomplishment, c ommunication, evaluation and future reference. These are some of the principles that guide the operations related to the development of recipes in the hospitality industry. A recipe that is well developed following the principles should be able to fitting the various needs such as an increase in terms of ingathering usage, an increase of product visibility and reduction in the safety issues related to the product (Fuller, 2011). The major principle that guides the development of recipe to be successful are it should be reproducible which states it should be written in a change that could be repeated along with constant results, easily prepared that is comprising of minimal steps in a logical order so as to deliver the end results without much of complexity, concise so as to provide the required information, interesting in terms of adding varieties to the dish being prepared, pleasing to senses such that it receive satisfying as well as stimulating flavour along with pleasantarom a, economical so that the recipe should not only be within the budget but also encompass the providence of material as well as human resources.

Case problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Case problem - Essay ExampleIt can be concluded that though a minor, he voluntarily accepted the risk involved in skiing. There was thus an excerpt assumption of risk. That is supported by what was decided in Murphy vs. Steeplehouse Amusement Company, 250 N.Y. 479. The court ruled that hotshot is solely responsible for outcomes of an activity in which the person takes part if the dangers are obvious and necessary.Contributory inattention makes the defendants not entirely liable. Neals conduct of skiing while being inexperienced and besides also young falls below a certain standard necessary for his own protection, and this conduct cooperated with the defendants nonperformance of selling the skies to a minor who was also inexperienced. That eventually harmed Neal. Neal would have avoided the injuries had he gone for lessons. That leads to another demurral available to the defendants. It is comparative negligence, which in other words would be non-absolute contributory negligence . With this type of defense, Neal would not reform by percentage in which he was at fault for his damage. In this way, the damages are divided up between parties according to their

Treatment & Characters' Back stories + Film Script Essay

Treatment & Characters Back stories + Film Script - Essay ExampleAshraf and Laila atomic number 18 more than siblings, they are scoop up of friends since early childhood and now they entirely have each other. Rubina has kept her distance and break up all communication with the siblings since the ordeal but Ashraf maintains that the rape story is all but a drool and pleads innocent to Rubinas allegation. Since Ashraf and Rubinas break up almost a year ago, things have not been normal between the two siblings. Ashraf has retracted back to his old gambling and drug addiction long time and recently lost his job at a reputable firm in town. Rubina has lost presumption in his brother and really doubts she did the right thing by siding with her brother rather than her best friend.Rubina and Basil are actually married to each other. Eight months ago, Basil wed Rubina in a low profile civil marriage and ever since the two have been plotting a way to vindicate the unfortunate ordeal th at still taunts Rubina. Basil is acting as Lailas fianc as a stead developer. He currently needs a huge loan of a hundred million dollars to defile some real estate, flip it and sell it at an enormous profit to a Saudi prince. He is going to confront Laila and request for her assistance. Rubina is organizing for travel papers and logistics ready for their grand heist and escape this afternoon. She is to disc flights to Nairobi under aliases. This will be their home from this day.Laila is waiting for Basil at her home, Ashraf is out on the lawn sipping his favorite cocktail under a sunscreen shade. Basil has told Laila he has something important to tell her and she is all anxious.Laila Shamila was innate(p) in Qatar and of a rich family. Sister to Ashraf Amir. Both parents died in an airplane crash when she was 22 years. The only family known to her is her sibling. She graduated from Uttar University and because of previous family connections landed a job as a bank animal trainer a position esteemed and envied by many. She is smart and

What Makes an Effective Team Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Makes an Effective Team Work - Essay ExampleIn any(prenominal) situations, one type offers the most benefits, and in some other circumstances, other type of team give the axe be fruitful in achieving the expected outcomes. However, in order to understand the effectiveness of teamwork, the composing go forth now discuss some of the different types of teams that will allow an efficient understanding of teamwork.Analysis of the temporal related to teams has indicated that different experts and researchers have identified and categorized teams into different types that will take more than this paper. For this reason, this paper will discuss some of the most common and effective types of teams that will be worthy of a discussion.As the name says itself, peer means someone that is almost of the same characteristics of the other. In this regard, peer work gatherings unremarkably involves individuals that possess the same attributes however, such attributes can vary and depend on setting of the workgroup. For instance, an evident manakin of peer-to-peer workgroup is an educational class in the school that involves children or students of the same age group (DuBrin, pp. 77-81). The basic impulse of peer-to-peer workgroup is an informal platform that provides an opportunity to the team members to achieve the objectives while learning and complementing each other. One of the large characteristics of peer-to-peer workgroup that it although caters individuals of the same age group or same class or same interest, such as music, art, etc. However, it always consists of various diverse attributes of the team members, such as different socio-economic status, different race, etc that makes peer-to-peer group an efficient and natural way of interacting with each other.Until now, the paper discussed an informal type of workgroup that involves peer-to-peer learning however, additive and copulative are both formal types of teams that enable the team members to work fo rmally to achieve the

The feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to Research Paper

The feasibility of distinct techniques for providing fresh pee to arid regions of the world - Research Paper ExampleTo make matters worse, the little urine received in these areas is usually not safe for domestic, agriculture and commercial use and there an imperative need to provide fresh pissing. To do so, policy makers explore various fresh water homework techniques as discussed in subsequent sections of this report. 2.0 Fresh water provision techniques In endeavors to provide fresh water to the arid regions of the world, different techniques are employed that include ground water applicationing, desalinization and piping techniques. These techniques oftentimes vary from those employed in areas where precipitation is high. Therefore, climatic conditions in arid regions dictate to a spectacular extent what technique(s) is most appropriate. Key issues in water provision and water resource management which dictate appropriate techniques will include availability of adequat e go forth, conservation measures, cost effectiveness, pricing and sustainability. 2.1 Ground water supply Drilling Technique Ground water is normally obtained from aquifers through drilling and piping the water to the come along for various uses. This technique involves identification of areas in arid regions that have sufficient and quality underground water for agriculture, domestic and commercial use. The technique is more preferred to its low cost of establishment compared to other techniques akin desalination. To ensure sustainable use of underground water, policy makers and regulatory authorities establishes water databases through adaption of wells and their yields, documenting water composition, control of drilling in all phases and regular monitoring of water bow and changes in salinity. However, the challenge with this technique is that over time demand for fresh water has attachd twain socially and economically requiring more wells to be dug. For example, over th e last 3 decades, demand for water within the United Arab Emirates and other Gulf states which are often classified as arid regions, was estimated to increase from 4,250Mm3/ year in 1980 to 35,395Mm3/ year by 2010 (Alsharhan et al 2001, 277). Therefore, this means that governments in arid regions have to drill more wells or explore alternative fresh water supply techniques. This water supply technique faces various challenges relating to quality and sustainability. One, underground water may contain dissolved solid substances whose abide by is above the established norm. Establishing these levels require sophisticated technology which is costly and often not at the garbage disposal of most governments in arid regions. Where levels are higher than the benchmark standard, such wells have to be closed or alternative technologies to reduce the hazardous effects of these particles employed (California Environmental Protection mission 1995, 5). For example, high fluoride levels are com mon in arid regions where fluoride levels have to be reduced to the World wellness Organization (WHO) to reduce effects of tooth decay and bone weakening. In addition, underground water

Country Assessment of China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Country Assessment of china - Research Paper showcaseBecause China culture is largely based on Confucianism, Chinese people show great wonder for their elders (Kwintessential). Chinese are more of a collectivist society as such, an individual would sacrifice his or her needs for the groups objective. Face is very important in Chinese society because no one likes to embarrass their superiors. Also, most(prenominal) communication in China is done through non-verbal communication (Kwintessential). be language is just as important as what is spoken. Any overaggressive behavior is likely to be frowned upon as losing control is to lose face.Because Confucian philosophy believes that all relationships are not equal, there are differences in the way the employers and employees should be treated (WorldBusinessCulture). Seniority is very important when it comes to Chinese business management practices managers consider respect from their employees in the same way that an old person would from a young person. Business is China is very formal managers inform their subordinates what task they should be doing, and there are never any complaints from the employees. A manager is like a father figure to his employees (WorldBusinessCulture). The manager expects loyalty and commitment, and in return he will offer support for his employees.Because the Chinese government is communist, it takes a hard line when it comes to business. This has eased up in recent years as the government has opened up the country to foreign investors. The Chinese economy could now be thought of as capitalist, even though the government is still Communist. The managers of most large Chinese domestic firms are linked in some way to the ruling Communist Party, and the government often places pressure on businesses to go a certain way (WorldBusinessCulture). Besides this, the unify States of America has long held the view that the Chinese government manipulates its

Obstacles to Foreign Carmakers with the Expansion of the Market in Essay

Obstacles to hostile Carmakers with the Expansion of the Market in Russia - Essay ExampleAs people over there commence already started buying gondolas compared to what the scenario was before, I think it is a good idea to give them more ideas by inviting the best of the best car makers to sell their variants.There are few obstacles which are faced by foreign car makers in Russia. For instance, those business accomplices who needed to put resources into Russia experienced certain issues like unlike laws and terms, the absence of law authorization, boundless debasement, unusual natures domain, and wheel and deal transactions, does not give any detail assessment or import obligation help to remote investors. As most of the spare split are locally made, there is a highly charged tax for imported parts.Russias domestic help help carmakers are facing fierce competitions from foreign counterparts as many local firms in other countries competency do upon the arrivals of foreign firm s. Do you think the strategies of Russias domestic carmakers will work? Why incessantly since the arrival of foreign car makers in Russia, the domestic counterparts are facing a fierce argufy from them. The reason is the better offering offerings of model and features by those international cars. Till now the domestic car makers had the strategy of manufacturing low-cost cars for people to purchase the market for cars was not so developed over there. exactly now that there has been a rise in the economy and the people have higher available income, the trend has changed. The locals are looking forward to latest models and better features which is being offered by these foreign manufacturers. The domestic manufacturers also need to understand the requirement of the consumers and make cars with better features anddesign to suit their needs.

Report 501 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Report 501 - Research Paper ExampleOne of the widely use resource internality for efficient information service management is the Information technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). To be precise, hundreds of brasss tout ensemble around the globe are encouraged to adhere to the practices outlined in the ITIL. In essence, different groups of stakeholders catch that to achieve top most success in information service management, then, it is essential that the key fundamental principle of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library are put into close consideration. The library offers the best weapons platform for ensuring that an organization can efficiently achieve its set out operational goals. It further paves way for our organization to execute the right set of procedures towards creation of a successful and innovative business environment for the emerging (Mar 2013, 1). To be exact, the implementation of the ITIL in an organization is seriously a key present not un accompanied in promoting our companys competitive advantage but also in the achievement of tout ensemble our set out business goals. On this regard, this paper aims at delivering a well-designed report on the subject matter of issues related to the implementation of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library.In simple terms, the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) entails a comprehensive and well-designed set of information technology documents that define the finest practices and techniques to be utilize in an information technology environment. That is, it contains a high quality set of guidelines that are widely used in the day-to-day operations of both public and private companies (Chen 2010, 5). This is by providing them with an advanced blueprint needed for the organization and management of the operations of an information technology company. The Information Technology Infrastructure library has assisted many companies in promoting their global comp etitive advantage and be

Opinion on 2 Students Discussion Board Response Assignment

Opinion on 2 Students Discussion Board Response - duty assignment ExampleOverall, the responses identified that teaching strategies would effectively address the need to develop study skills, depending on what is involve by different subjects.The responses that were provided were clearly and accurately structured in a straightforward and effective manner. all(a) the concerns were answered through the support of valid concepts about learning styles, study skills, and through the provision of comparative abridgment of subjects, as required. One definitely agrees with all the responses made, especially in terms of establishing that knowledge of learning styles would change content teachers to design appropriate learning materials which would be consistent with the learning styles and distinct academic inescapably of the students. A rundown of the learning styles were likewise presented to confirm understanding of the concept. The comparative analysis of subjects and the respective instructional strategies was likewise presented in a clear manner and effectively linked to appropriate study skills deemed crucial to enhance the potentials to

Women in the Zimbabwean Liberation Struggle A brief history of Essay

Women in the Zimbabwean judgment of dismissal Struggle A brief history of zimbabwe, status of women in precolonialism in zimbabwe, nature of colonialism in zimbabwe, the - look for ExampleThe Portuguese were then overpowered by the consolidation of several assures c every(prenominal)ed Shona that led to emergence of Rozwi empire diligence most of the present Zimbabwe. This state of peaceful coexistence of domestic kingdoms lasted for the next two centuries. By the middle of nineteenth century Rozwi empire fell due to the entry of British South Africa company to whom rights for mining of grand were given by the Ndebele rulers in 1888 by way of treaty. The treaty later paved way for aggressors from atomic number 63 mostly British who fought with the Ndebele kingdom and established colonies there. (Zimbabwe History)Colonization was started in 1890 by the English settlers led by founder Cecil John Rhodes. Thus Rhodesia was named after its founder. The English thought they were the first race in the demesne and hence assumed wherever they settled, it was for the benefit of the human being race. (Nyangoni) With this feeling of supremacy over the rest of the human race, English started colonies in other parts of the world and dominated the local race. Thus native Africans in Rhodesia were not allowed to participate in an all-white administration. The whites alone assumed right to vote and the land laws they passed prevented native Africans charge in many public places reserved exclusively for the whites. The ordinances they passed left native Africans with lands just for sustenance. About 6000 whites engaged half of the fertile and otherwise potential lands, leaving the worst lands for 600,000 native African farmers.(Chung P 211) This state of affairs lasted till 1979 characterized by domination of white minority over the native population who were denied rights to their stimulate lands. Ever since the colony started, there had been civil unrest among the natives of Rhodesia who first initiated revolution demanding changes in the imperial record which would facilitate equal job opportunities and participation in Government. But by 1960, situation radically changed with patriotism gaining momentum requiring to overthrow the minority white rule. In the process, National Democratic Party (NDP) was started by native Africans with the ultimate aim of Pan African rule in due course. The party activists evoked abandon against the minority rulers to attract the attention of England for its intervention and help handing over of power to the locals. (Gann, p 42) The minority rulers retaliated by banning the NDP in 1961. Then came a newly formed party in 1962 led by Joshua Nkomo under the name of Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU) through reconstitution of the NDP. The ZAPU wanted to bring one-man-one vote rule, unite all Africans against imperialism and colonialism, eliminate all forms of oppression of its local Africans, and to establish a new order of African tradition. ZAPU members too believed force by violence and bloodshed was the only solution. Hence looking at ZAPUs objectives, the minority Government banned it also. ZAPU members went

Not Without My Daughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Not Without My lady friend - Essay ExampleThe main character, Betty, meets her husband Dr. Mahmoody is a Michigan hospital. She knows little about him and his past yet falls in love at once. In a time, they marry and Betty gives birth to their daughter, Mahtob. One summer, the family travels to Iran, a native country of Dr. Mahmoody. When they come to this country, to their relatives, Betty understands that her husband wants to stay in Iran and keep Mahtob and Betty as prisoners in the digest of his sister. She tries to oppose his will but is suppressed by Mahmoody and his family. Living in Iran, Betty knows much about this family and their customs. The intimately disturbing fact is that Mahmoody and his family are involved in semipolitical struggle under slogans of Islamic fundamentalism and jingoistic fanaticism. Betty tries to leave the country, but fails. She contacts her mother in America and asks for an Embassy contact number. Betty is disappointed when knows that Iranian women have no rights on their children Betty can leave the country but without her daughter, Mahtob.Around the day, Betty is verifyled and monitored by relatives of her husband who behave violently towards her. Mahtob is forced to visit a Muslim school faced with oppression and cultural differences. One day, Betty meets other American woman, who helps her to escape. Bettys father fells ill and she decides to visit him in America, but Mahmoody beats her and threatens to kill if she takes their daughter with her. foil and afraid of her future, Betty accepts an escape plan proposed by one of American activists in Iran. She and Mahtob, faced with hardship and the close to difficult times, travel finished the desert and come to America through Turkey. In this novel, Mahmoody and Hoffer vividly outline the role of the Iranian government and strict social control in lives of ordinary people. The main concepts related to to government involve the government control and dominance of r eligious traditions, low role of women stipulated by the differentiate and political absolutism, feudalism and cult of a political leader, and the state ideology. Of all features of Irans political culture, religion has by far contributed most directly to the development of both political autocracy and revolutionary movements. This seemingly antonymous role has been played by religion in Iran because of its special relationship to Irans political institutions. During her first age in Iran, Betty discovers that religion as well as their government coerced them women in every turn, the practice exemplified by their haughty insistence upon an antiquated and even unhealthy dress code (Mahmoody and Hoffer 35). In Iran, the power and efficacy of the government is based on religious traditions and laws. Religion has served as a main cause of political absolutism and as a vehicle for political oppression. Betty and other Iranian women suffer from strict control exercised by the governme nt and its official institutions. The most readily apparent form of inequality stipulated and supported by the government is that between the sexes. Under the Islamic Republic inequality between men and women is sanctioned through official and quasi-official policies that discriminate against women and ensure their subservient position in society both socially and

Favorite Person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Favorite Person - Essay ExampleHis values and loyalty are not driven by the desire to achieve fame of to gain a reward scarce as a align representation for ideal humanity. He has therefore become an inspiration to both his colleagues and neighbors. The ability to live according to the values he believes is what makes Uncle Bill a successful person.Uncle Bill believes that moral philosophy are the foundation of every society. Without morals, all societies will crumble. Bill also believes that ethics are the true determinant of patriots in any society or organization. The problem with modern organizations and countries comes from lack of patriotism. According to uncle bill, this particular can be overturned by embracing ethics in all organizations. Work ethics are of particular interest to him since people spend most of their quality time in their depart place. Work ethics determines the beneficial and wrongs of a particular organization and they do not have any constraints. T his indicates that every individual has the responsibility to distinguish between rights and wrongs. Uncle bill has a good sense of right and wrongs within the work place and his action does not depend on the views of the authority or the rules in operation within the organization.In addition, his well-developed respect for work ethics, Uncle Bill gives priority to his work. His commitment is a motivational factor to both his supervisors and his colleagues. His commitment goes beyond the formal work environment since uncle bill also tries us much as possible to balance between his profession and social life. He once told me that dedication is what draws a line between success and failure. This sentiment is true concerning his achievements and those of his close friends. Recently I learnt that his dedication is embedded in the factor of attitude. Bill strongly believes that his attitude has determined the height of achievements.Dedication intimately followed by success, which comes with a certain degree of fame. However, success

The Melody of the Nightingale - an Existential Pathway for Finding Essay

The Melody of the nightingale - an Existential Pathway for Finding Peace - Essay ExampleWith that said, a close look go away be taken into John Keats Ode to a Nightingale to highlight his version of transcendent beauty and coiffure how he struck out against the oppression of the aristocracy. The wind blows softly in the distance, rustling autumn leaves crossways the dirt path. Small, broken branches are strewn about, as if from a recent storm, but the dirt is dry and blows unretentive dust tunnels at the slightest provocation. In eight stanzas, the Ode to a Nightingale by John Keats sets a lecturer up in this little moment in time to exhibit the pristine beauty of the nightingale in contrast with the harsh reality of his founding. Using the power of poetry, Keats is able to become wiz with the nightingale, to see off his world of death and despair and enjoy the beauty of the melody for its enchanting quality of escape. In fact, the very act of writing the poem has already all owed him to join the nightingale (Minahan 173). But, by the final stanza, his vision is such that he is struck by a newfound despair when the object of his words takes course and leaves him. To understand the speaker of the poems true despair and the beauty he finds from the melody of the nightingale, an explication leave be taken into the words of Keats poem as he takes his subscriber on an emotional trip while highlighting the enchanting power that nature has in enabling the foundation of inner peace. Its painful, so beautiful a melody that the speaker of the poem is struck by a complex pang upon hearing the nightingales song. Its as though he is experiencing a dawdling numbness that pains/his sense (lines 1-2). He compares the sound to drinking hemlock (line 2) or taking opiates (line 3) and gives his reader a vision of him staring up at the beautiful nightingale, cursing it for its unendurable ability to be outside his current reality and at peace in some transcendent dim ension. By the shopping centre of the stanza, the speaker of the poem is studying the nightingale with solicitous eyes, noting that it must be through some musical plot (line 8) that the aria can achieve such divine beauty. For the speaker, such a carefree attitude seems an impossiblenessan incongruous aspect shining inconceivably in a futile and oppressive world. By the stand by stanza, the speaker is searching for an intoxicant to escape into the world of the nightingale and enjoy a similar fearless life. He calls for a beaker full of the warm South (line 15) to immerse himself in a figurative and vocal sense, into the song of the nightingale. His mind lingers over the beaded bubbles winking at the brim (line 17) that he could become one with nature, allowing him to fade away into the forest dim (line 20). In the third stanza, he is taken over by the promise of his intoxicant, waiting to leave behind what thou among the leaves has never known (line 22). In words taint by des pair, he defines this world as one full of sorrow and strife, with wearinessfeverand cash in ones chips (line 23), one in which man endures the suffering of illness, hardship, and worry until, in the end, his life culminates in a ungrateful death. It is a world that beauty cannot even see, where the nightingale cannot keep her lustrous eyes (line 29). It is a world only glimpsed through the melodious chimes of the

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 152

Summary - Essay ExampleApart from these challenges, college founders remains to be the founders of the American higher gentility in the history, especially the missionaries such as Baptists and Methodists (Rudolph and John 57).The main reasons why attractiveness schools are existence established are to promoted ethnic diversity, provide several programs to aid in satisfying individuals interests and talents, and improve study standards. This article aids at exploring racial diversity and magnet schools (alternative schools). The author affirms that magnet schools are super established in urban districts because they have large students enrollment (Goldring and Claire 18). Under the topic Magnet Schools and integrating, the author states that magnet programs point to bulky success. He affirms that magnet programs highly helps to mix students bodies ranging from approximately 44%black to 50% white in elementary schools. After carrying out case studies on iv alternative schools, it was concluded that magnet schools effectively helps to come up with racially balanced schools. Although integrating magnet schools is too costly, the benefits of such integrations are worth the expense (25). Magnet schools can be used as a tool for racial balance.In this article, Clark Kerr provides university leaders with five key points of guidance on the genial of attitudes that modern universities should adopt. The author argues that the biggest problem that will affect higher learning institutions is challenged in accommodating the vast growing number of students. Some directions of responding in the short run that are provided in this article include, to a greater extent privatization, to a greater extent federalization, more public support cultivation, effective use of available resources, more pluralistic leadership, and more attention to long-term movement directions. One of the uncertainties that can be clearly recognized is what will calculate place in the economic productivity. The

Gender Stereotyping is Unfairness Essay Example for Free

Gender Stereotyping is Unfairness EssayThe roles the purchase order allocates to its members according to sex activity argon the root course of how people relate to each other in the party. Those who dont fit into predetermined sexual urge roles face social sanctions. This paper reveals that the gender stereotyping in the society ar unfair and amount to the abuse of the rights of those who dont conform to the norms.The essay takes into consideration the origins of the social standards and experiences of bearing which are used on women. Devors essay reveals how gender stomps give rise to fe manful to potent transsexuals. This paper shall also analyze Alice rice beers book, Boys and Girls that provides a literary example that complements Denvors scientific explanation. The paper will also be complemented by various views by feminists.Devor states that since time immemorial women were taken as less important than men. Women were not much recorded in writings on the society as men were. A close look at the writings of ancient religions e.g. Greek, Judaism, and the dark ages reveals this. Cultures in the past have had individuals with mixed gender, who are based on polytheistic beliefs. In America this was set in the 16th century.This was not written about as most of the writings focused on men thought to have fe manful traits for social ridicule. In the twentieth century women became empowered and became workers delinquent to the industrial age. In this time women who dressed like men were branded the title lesbians. This name by and by was used to refer to transgender women in the culture.Efforts to discover the trait of transgender individuals have been undertaken in the recent past still this phenomenon has been present in societies always. This phenomenon for long has been suppressed. Modern science has discovered the biological differences as well as psychological and social influences between men and women, and now the study of transsexuals can be studied and medicinal drug given.Devor argues that the context of culture is very important in understanding sex and gender. He states that the structure of the society determines the lives of individuals. Gender is a result of cultural influence on the members of the society. The relations in the society that provoke gender are rules of relations in the society. He observes that the society is responsible for its transgender individuals. They represent the mean of what the society has forced in the diverse human life (Dover 37).His argument is that the home is the place where the female to male transsexuals are bred. virtually of the theories on transgender individuals put the responsibility of the situation on parents. For instance fathers are seen to result the message that women are lesser to their daughters. Also mothers who appear victimized and dependent on the husband firebrand their daughters attracted to be like men. This leads to a personality split, which is not illness, as some people believe.In the developmental years at the stage of early development those children with male to female traits do not range with female relations in their childhood years. The children in this stage identify themselves with masculine figures and preferred male company. In the final analysis there seems, on the part of these girls a desire to escape the problems of their gender.Transsexuals, therefore, are the result of intense socialization. The process starts at early childhood and continues to build up in adolescence and dismantle in adult life. She argues that people should be left to live and fully express the gender roles they choose. Most transsexuals dont undergo the surgery to change their genitalia so they face continuing limitations in society. In spite of this they are able to achieve their goals in life.As stated in the introduction, Alice Munros book, Boys and Girls supports Devors idea of sex and gender. The story of the girl narrator shed s light on Devors argument about gender stereotyping in the society. In the book Munro depicts challenges and successes in the process of personation from childhood to adulthood. Her narrators are a girl and a boy, who are siblings. She tackles the theme of sex role stereotype which is full of unfairness. The protagonist undergoes exacting and extreme initialization into adulthood like her younger brother.The author suggests that stereotyping of gender and loss of innocence are initiation into adulthood, and are extremely influential to individual children. Munro through with(predicate) the choice of a female protagonist who is without a name and therefore undignified lays he earthly concern for showcasing the stereotype. The younger brother of the protagonist is named laid for lord, and by virtue of the name he is to become a dignified master of others. The grandmother of the children comes calling and gives the narrator advice on the rules of conduct for a girl. For instance g irls occur their legs together when they are seated. The narrator faces a disliking of the roles that she is being couched to take those of her mother. She rather likes her fathers roles.

The Perfect Pizzeria Essay Example for Free

The Perfect Pizzeria EssayPlease event the following questions applying OB concepts and theories as appropriate. While the case primarily focuses on motivational approaches, you find that separate OB concepts that we have covered are applicable.1. Consider the situation where the manager changed the time period involve to receive free food and drink from six to twelve hours of work. Apply the appropriate motivational approaches (theories) to rationalize what happened.2. For the situation in which the manager worked beside the employees for a time and then later returned to his ofce, which motivational and/or reading approaches (you may refer to previous chapters) can be applied to explain what happened?3. Establish and justify a motivational program based on one or a combination of motivation theories to much effectively deal with the situation as it exists at the end of the case.

Hinduism Characteristics Essay Example for Free

Hinduism Characteristics EssayThe following nine facts, though not exhaustive, offer a simple abstract of Hindu spirituality or about Hinduism.1 Hindus reckon in a one, all(prenominal)-pervasive Supreme cosmos who is both immanent and transcendent, both Creator and Un bear witness Reality. 2 Hindus suppose in the divinity of the quadruplet Vedas, the worlds nigh ancient scripture, and venerate the Agamas as equally revealed. These primordial hymns argon graven images word and the bedrock of Sanatana Dharma, the eternal religion. 3 Hindus believe that the universe undergoes endless cycles of creation, preservation and dissolution. 4 Hindus believe in karma, the law of cause and install by which each single(a) creates his own destiny by his thoughts, words and deeds. 5 Hindus believe that the individual reincarnates, evolving by dint of many births until all karmas cast off been resolved, and moksha, liberation from the cycle of rebirth, is attained. Not a single bo th(prenominal)one will be deprived of this destiny.6 Hindus believe that divine beings exist in unseen worlds and that tabernacle worship, rituals, sacraments and individualal devotionals create a communion with these devas (divine beings) and God. 7 Hindus believe that an enlightened master, or satguru, is essential to contend the Transcendent Absolute, as ar personal discipline, good conduct, purification, pilgrimage, self-inquiry, meditation and surrender in God. 8 Hindus believe that all life is sacred, to be bopd and revered, and therefore practice ahimsa, noninjury, in thought, word and deed. 9 Hindus believe that no religion teaches the only way to salvation above all others, merely that all honorable paths argon facets of Gods Light, deserving tolerance and sympathizeing.GOD AND LORDS IN HINDUISMGod is a one being, yet we understand Him in cardinal perfections Absolute Reality, Pure Consciousness and Primal Soul. As Absolute Reality, God is unmanifest, fixed and tra nscendent, the Self God, timeless, formless and spaceless. As Pure Consciousness, God is the manifest primal substance, pure divine love and light flowing through all form, existing allwhere in time and space as infinite intelligence and power. God is all and in all, groovy beyond our conception, a sacred brain-teaser that keister be known in direct communion.Hindus believe in one Supreme Being. In the Hindu pantheon there be said to be three hundred and thirty-three million professionals(divine beings). The multitude of Lords are perceived as divine creations of that one Being. So, Hinduism has one supreme God, only if it has an extensive hierarchy of Lords. Hinduism views existence as composed of three worlds. The First dry land is the physical universe the Second World is the subtle astral or mental plane of existence in which the devas, angels and spirits live and the deuce-ace World is the spiritual universe of the Mahadevas, great shining beings, our Hindu Lords. H induism is the harmonious working together of these three worlds.Hinduism is a family of four main denominations Saivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Smartism under a divine hierarchy of Mahadevas. These intelligent beings have evolved through eons of time and are able to help mankind without themselves having to live in a physical body. These great Mahadevas, with their multitudes of angelic devas, live and work constantly and tirelessly for the stack of our religion, protecting and guiding them, opening saucily doors and closing unused ones.TEMPLE WORSHIP IN HINDUISMIt is in the Hindu temple that the three worlds get together and devotees invoke the Lords of our religion. The temple is built as a palace in which these Lords live. It is the home of the God and Lords, a sacred place unlike either other place on the earth. The Hindu must companion himself with these divine beings in a very sensitive way when he approaches the temple. Though the devotee seldom has the psychic vision of the Deity, he is aware of the Gods divine presence. As he approaches the sanctum sanctorum, the Hindu is to the full aware that an intelligent being, greater and more(prenominal) evolved than himself, is there. This Lord is intently aware of him, safeguarding him, fully knowing his inner nearly thought, fully capable of coping with any situation the devotee may mentally lay at his Holy Feet. It is important that we approach the Deity in this way conscious and confident that our needs are known in the inner spiritual worlds.The physical representation of the God, be it a stone or metal image other sacred form, simply marks the place that the Lord will manifest in or hover over in his etheric body. It can be conceived as an antenna to cod the divine rays of the Lord or as the material body in or through which the Lord manifests in this First World. When we perform puja, a religious ritual, we are attracting the attention of the devas and Mahadevas in the inner worlds.That is the adjudicate of a puja it is a form of communication. To enhance this communication we establish an altar in the temple or in the home. This becomes charged or magnetized through our devotional thoughts and feelings which radiate out and affect the ring environment. You can feel the presence of these divine beings, and this radiation from them is known as shakti. It is a communication more real than the communication of language that you experience each day.Finally, it must be clearly understood that God and the Lords are not a psychological product of the Hindu religious mind. They are far aged(a) than the universe and are the fountainheads of its galactic energies, shining stars and sunlit planets. They are loving overseers and custodians of the cosmos, earth and mankind. The Hindu cosmologic terrain envelopes all of humanity.HINDU HOLY BOOKThe Veda is the Hindu holy book. The four books of the VedasRig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvainclude over 100,000 verses. The cognition impa rted by the Vedas ranges from earthy devotion to high philosophy. Their words and wisdom permeate Hindu thought, ritual and meditation.The Vedas are the ultimate scriptural authority for Hindus. Their oldest portions are said by some to date back as far as 6,000 bce, orally transmitted for most of history and written down in Sanskrit in the last few millennia, making them the worlds longest and most ancient scripture. The Vedas open a rare window into ancient Indian society, proclaiming lifes sacredness and the way to oneness with God.For untold centuries unto today, the Vedas have remained the sustaining force and authoritative doctrine, guiding followers in ways of worship, duty and enlightenment. The Vedas are the meditative and philosophical focus for millions of monks and a billion seekers. Their stanzas are chanted from memory by priests and laymen daily as sacrament of the Eucharist in temple worship and domestic ritual. All Hindus wholeheartedly accept the Vedas, yet each dr aws selectively, interprets freely and amplifies abundantly. Over time, this tolerant allegiance has woven the varied tapestry of Indian Hindu Dharma. Each of the four Vedas has four sections Samhitas (hymn collections), Brahmanas (priestly manuals), Aranyakas (forest treatises) and Upanishads (enlightened discourses).The Samhitas and Brahmanas affirm that God is immanent and transcendent and prescribe ritual worship, mantra and devotional hymns to establish communication with the spiritual worlds. The hymns are invocations to the One Divine and to the Divinities of nature, such as the Sun, the Rain, the Wind, the Fire and the Dawn as risehead as prayers for matrimony, progeny, prosperity, concord, protection, domestic rites and more. The Aranyakas and Upanishads outline the dispositions evolutionary journey, provide yogic philosophical facts of life and propound realization of mans oneness with God as the destiny of all souls. Today, the Vedas are published in Sanskrit, English , French, German and other languages. But it is the popular, metaphysical Upanishads that have been most amply and aptly translated.KARMA AND REINCARNATION IN HINDUISMKarmaKarma literally means deed or act, but more broadly describes the precept of cause and effect. Simply stated, karma is the law of action and reaction which governs consciousness. In physics-the study of energy and takings-Sir Isaac Newton postulated that for all action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Push against a wall. Its material is molecularly pushing back with a force exactly equal to yours. In metaphysics, karma is the law that states that every mental, emotional and physical act, no matter how insignificant, is projected out into the psychic mind substance and fontually returns to the individual with equal impact.The akashic memory in our higher chakras faithfully records the souls impressions during its series of earthly lives, and in the astral/mental worlds mediate earth existences. antedi luvian yogis, in psychically studying the time line of cause/effect, assigned three categories to karma. The first is sanchita, the jointure total of past karma yet to be resolved. The second category is prarabdha, that portion of sanchita karma being experienced in the present life. Kriyamana, the third type, is karma you are presently creating. However, it must be understood that your past negative karma can be altered into a smoother, easier state through the loving, heart-chakra nature, through dharma and sadhana. That is the key of karmic wisdom. Live religiously well and you will create positive karma for the future and soften negative karma of the past.Truths and Myths About KarmaKarma operates not only individually, but also in ever-enlarging circles of group karma where we participate in the sum karma of multiple souls. This includes family, community, nation, race and religion, even planetal group karma. So if we, individually or collectively, unconditionally love and gi ve, we will be loved and apt(p) to. The individuals or groups who act soulfully or maliciously toward us are the vehicle of our own karmic creation. The people who manifest your karma are also living through past karma and simultaneously creating future karma. For example, if their karmic pattern did not include miserliness, they would not be involved in your karma of selfishness. Another person may express some generosity toward you, reaching the gifting karma of your past experience. Imagine how intricately interconnected all the cycles of karma are for our planets life forms.ReincarnationThe soul functions with complete continuity in its astral/mental bodies. It is with these sensitive vehicles that we experience dream or astral worlds during sleep every night. The astral world is equally as solid and beautiful, as varied and nationwide as the earth dimension-if not much more so. Spiritual growth, psychic development, guidance in matters of governance and commerce, artistic c ultivation, inventions and discoveries of medicine, science and technology all continue by astral people who are in-between earthly lives. Many of the Veda hymns entreat the assistance of devas advanced astral or mental people. Yet, also in the grey, lower regions of this vast, invisible dimension exist astral people whose present pursuits are base, selfish, even sadistic. Where the person goes in the astral plane at sleep or death is dependent upon his earthly pursuits and the musical note of his mind.Because certain seed karmas can only be resolved in earth consciousness and because the souls sign realizations of Absolute Reality are only achieved in a physical body, our soul joyously enters some other biological body. At the right time, it is reborn into a flesh body that will best fulfill its karmic pattern. In this process, the current astral body-which is a duplicate of the last physical form-is sluffed off as a lifeless shell that in due course disintegrates, and a new ast ral body develops as the new physical body grows.This entering into another body is called reincarnation re-occupying the flesh. During our thousands of earth lives, a notable variety of life patterns are experienced. We exist as male and female, often switching back and forrader from life to life as the nature becomes more harmonized into a person exhibiting both womanly nurturing and masculine intrepidness. We come to earth as princesses and presidents, as paupers and pirates, as tribals and scientists, as murderers and healers, as atheists and, ultimately, God-Realized sages. We take bodies of every race and live the many religions, faiths and philosophies as the soul gains more knowledge and evolutionary experience.Therefore, the Hindu knows that the popular opinion in a single life on earth, followed by eternal joy or painfulness is utterly wrong and causes great anxiety, confusion and fear. Hindus know that all souls reincarnate, take one body and and then another, evolvi ng through experience over long periods of time. Like the caterpillars metamorphosis into the butterfly, death doesnt end our existence but frees us to pursue an even greater development.DharmaDharma yields Heavens honor and Earths wealth. What is there then that is more plentiful for a man? There is nothing more rewarding than dharma, nor anything more ruinous than its neglect.When God created the universe, He endowed it with come out, with the laws to govern creation. Dharma is Gods divine law prevailing on every level of existence, from the sustaining cosmic order to religious and moral laws which bind us in harmony with that order. Related to the soul, dharma is the mode of conduct most conducive to spiritual advancement, the right and righteous path. It is piety and ethical practice, duty and ob ligation. When we follow dharma, we are in conformity with the Truth that inheres and instructs the universe, and we naturally abide in closeness to God. Adharma is opposition to divi ne law. Dharma is to the individual what its normal development is to a seedthe orderly fulfillment of an inherent nature and destiny.SIGNIFICANCE OF HINDUISMHinduism is unique among the worlds religions. I boldly proclaim it the oldest religion in the world. To begin with, it is mankinds oldest spiritual declaration, the very fountainhead of faith on the planet. Hinduisms venerable age has seasoned it to maturity. It is the only religion, to my knowledge, which is not founded in a single historic event or prophet, but which itself proceeds recorded history.Hinduism has been called the cradle of spirituality, and the mother of all religions, partially because it has influenced virtually every major religion and partly because it can absorb all other religions, honor and embraces their scriptures, their saints, and their philosophy. This is possible because Hinduism looks compassionately on all genuine spiritual effort and knows unmistakably that all souls are evolving toward union with the Divine, and all are destined, without exception, to achieve spiritual enlightenment and liberation in this or a future life. satisfy visit, if you wish to seek further

High performance Essay Example for Free

High performance Essay cultureThere are 3 diametric component tints in the mix including blue dye, yellow dye and red dye. The blue dye has the grittyest Rf in chromatography ( Rf=1 in water and fermentation alcohol and isoprophy alcohol). The yellow dye has the lowest Rf in chromatography in ethanol and isoprophy alcohol and middle Rf in water (Rf=0.17 and isoprophy alcohol and lowest Rf in water (Rf=0.816 in ethanol, Rf= 0.678 in water and Rf=0.680 in isoprophy alcohol).Real World ConnectionHPLC-MS stands for High performance silver-tongued chromatography potbelly spectrometry. HPLC-MS shares the same principle with paper chromatography. They both separate mixture using the difference in different affinities to mobile/stationary phase of different components. However, HPLC-MC is far different from paper chromatography. Firstly, HPLC-MC is composed of a liquid chromatography and a mass spectrometer. This instrumentation enables HPLC-MC to analyze a much wider range of com ponents. While paper chromatography solitary(prenominal) qualitatively separate different component in a liquid mixture, HPLC-MS can quantitatively get word each component, including Compounds that are thermally labile, exhibit high polarity or have a high molecular mass.Secondly, paper chromatography use solvent as mobile phase and paper as stationary phase, but in HPLC-MS the mobile phase is the mixture of liquid and the stationary phase is the solid finished which liquid flow. Thirdly, paper chromatography can be carried out at normal temperature and pressure, but HPLC-MS sometimes needs to be done under high pressure and certain temperature to successfully drive the liquid through the solid and best demonstrate the difference in affinities of different liquid compound.

Globalization Argumentation Essay Example for Free

Globalization Argumentation Essay(1, Premise) Globalization effects on economy, administrative, and geographical system of the nations in an strong manner. In todays more challenging and competitory business era, globalisation is one of the most important factors that have a direct or confirmatory effect on the economic, administrative, and geographical system of the nations in an effective and proper manner. There ar speedy changes in the economics of the nations, due to globalization. In addition, different kinds of issues are developed or created by the globalization to the countries. Also, these are effecting the nations directly or indirectly. For drill. High risk enthronization in some other countries is considered a pregnant issue. (1, Conclusion) After the globalization of the worldwide market, foreign investors faced the high risk to invest in the other nation due to the differences in administrative, geographic, economic, culture and demographic condition of t he countries.(Lynch Gemini, 2010) (2, Premise) Globalization contributes to the avail of technology that helped discipline companies.There are various technological improvements that create effective contribution in the globalization of markets and production. It is place that the use of computers help the companies to adopt globalization and improve its market share in the global market. In computers, the use of the internet helps companies go global and add extra features to their production and operation activities. (2, Conclusion) Through world(prenominal) technology, companies are in addition able to achieve competitive advantages all over national and international competitors in an effective right smart. (Mobius, 2012) (3, Premise) Globalization provides options of companies to improve their business through enter in the rising country market. One improvement in technology related to change in the transportation technology helped the companies make globalization of marketsand production. The ontogenesis of commercial jet aircraft and super fighters and development of ship transportation help companies simplify the trans-shipment from one way of transport to another. (3, Conclusion) Globalization helps companies to improve its market presence in the global market and introduce advanced production plants in different countries of the world to provide the duty product to the right customers at the right time with the lowest cost (Peng, 2009). (4, Premise)Globalization provides options of the companies to improve their position to attract or reach the new market and more customers. Technology is helpful for companies to generate global opportunities through attracting global customers for products and services. Changes in the telecommunication and introduction of the World Wide Web help companies connect with the global customers in an effective way and develop the opportunities in order to improve the market. There are various global marketing trends a global company needs to fulfill. The changing demand of customers, changes in advertising media and attraction for global customers are all important. In order to reach this target, global marketers need to target global advertising in order to attract global customers in an effective way. (4, Conclusion)Through the targeting global advertising for the products and services, companies can also increase its customer base in the international market and can achieve competitive advantages over competitors in national and international market (Shan, 2012). The first premise is an example of inductive reasoning as it is intended only to be so strong that, if the conclusion is different with premises. First premise globalization impacts on countries economy, administrative, and geographical system, but the conclusion states differences that after the globalization, foreign investors face the high risk of investment in other countries due to the differences in countries administr ative, geographic, economic, culture and demographic condition (Swenson, 2005). In addition, deductive end is thought to be completely guaranteed of the premises truth, which means the conclusion is similar to the premise. Premise 2 is the example of the deductive argument as the premises and conclusion is the same, which the globalization or internationalization contributes into the improvement of technology as international technology reached of the companies that helped companies to achieve competitive advantages.ReferencesLynch, M. Gemini,C. (2010). Wealth How the Worlds High-Net-Worth Grow, Sustain, and Manage Their Fortunes. the States John Wiley Sons. Mobius, M. (2012). liberty chit to Profits Why the Next Investment Windfalls Will be Found Abroad and How to Grab Your Share. regular army John Wiley Sons. Peng, M.W. (2009). Global Business 2009. USA Cengage Learning. Shan, W. (2012). The Legal Protection of Foreign Investment A proportional Study. USA Hart Publishing Li mited. Swensen, D.F. (2005). Unconventional Success A Fundamental Approach to Personal Investment. USA Simon and Schuster.

Maslow’s theory Essay Example for Free

Maslows speculation Essaythither is an interrelationship between Maslows theory and Herzbergs theory. These two theories have a similarity in that both of them suggest employee satisfaction as a motivation factor. Form the above discussion, it is possible to spread abroad that Herzberg cites esteem necessitate and self-actualization needs from Maslows theory as the motivators. Others needs do not wooing motivation and failure to address them in the organization view only leads to dissatisfaction. Criticisms Maslows theory several(prenominal) criticisms exist about Maslows motivation theory. To begin with, there is limited scientific evidence if all to support the above theory. Furthermore, personal need priorities may not be in the order addicted by Maslow. For example, there is a possibility of social needs coming before security needs since one must belong to a society in the first place. Another criticism is that pot do not necessarily satisfy each level of need at a time. of necessity tend to conflict such that a person may be motivated to achieve divergent needs at the same time or make priorities depending on the urgency of each need.Maslows theory is therefore general and does not consider individual differences. Herzbergs theory Herzbergs theory does not besides consider individual differences when analyzing factors that cause satisfaction and those that cause dissatisfaction. One dissatisfaction factor may be a motivator for psyche else and vise versa. For example, increased responsibility could be a dissatisfier for someone who is resistant to change. Again Hertzbers model is too simplistic and only addresses factors that people would consider customary motivational factors in any workplace setting.Describe goal setting theory. Explain how this theory drop be applied to performance appraisal and compensation This is a motivational theory developed by Edwin Locke. It is actually an improvement of the final causality theory advanced by Aristotle which put forth that aspiration can lead to action. According to Locke, an individuals behavior is to a large extent influenced by their ambitions and goals (Latham and Locke, 2002). For this reason, goals significantly improve performance. Most individuals set goals in anticipation for something usually a reward to be obtained after achieving the set goal.Goals can be said to affect performance in three divergent ways (Latham and Locke, 2002). Firstly, they narrow an individuals attention so that all efforts atomic number 18 directed towards activities that are relevant to achieving the set goals. Similarly, irrelevant or undesirable activities are avoided. Secondly, goals increase effort as individuals give to achieve the set goal so as to gain the expected reward. Thirdly, goals help individuals to develop persistence. In other words, they become more willing to work even in the midst of challenges and setbacks.Goal setting is guided by factors known as moderators (Latham and Locke, 2002). These include goal commitment, produceability and self-efficacy. In order to attain a certain goal, an individual must be ready to face every challenge that he or she finds on the way. Commitment depicts the need to achieve no matter what the circumstances. Set goals must also be attainable so that individuals must not set goals that cannot be reached. Finally, self-efficacy must be testify for goals to be achieved. This refers to the ability to act in a certain way so as to be able to achieve set objectives.

Interpersonal, Group and Collective Behavior Dynamics Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal, Group and Collective Behavior Dynamics raiseEnron is a comp any that is faced with fiscal instability but continues to run on dubious traffic including misrepresenting their true financial position (Cohan, 2002). This is d hotshot to save the public image of the company hence avoiding the jeopardize of losing investors. American International Group (AIG) is too in a serious financial crisis following cases of misdirection (FRB, 2009). We shall make a comparison of the group dynamics and internal politics within these deuce companies. The companies exhibited an portion of breeding blockage. This is holding back adverse news from the public until the last possible moment. This is usually a deliberate act with the aim of maintaining a good public image. It is however followed by lawsuits, hate mails or scour death affrights from unhappy investors. In Enrons case, the senior executives withheld any instruction about financial crisis from the public until it clangd (Cohan, 2002). AIG maintained a business as usual image in the public disrespect its liquidity issues (FRB, 2009).Motivation to lie or deliberately concealing the truth in an organization was sheer in the two companies. The corporate officers do non disclose the truth especially when this truth may put the company into bankruptcy or cost them their jobs. In the case of Enron the lies were inform of hard data, assembly about accounting results and a stream of earnings (Williamson, 1970). Questionable accounting practices were meant to hide huge losings that the company suffered. AIG had its sh atomic number 18 of deliberate lies when it valued its A-A and sub prime property at 1.7 twice the value used by Lehman. The issue of the boards oversight function and the business judging rule is also fairly unornamented in the two companies he board of directors act as if they are entitled to rely on the honesty and integrity of their subordinates until something wrong happens (Crag Rebecca, 1996) . The directors of Enron were totally unaware of the rigour of the companys financial crisis until its collapse. A directors were too ignorant of the liquidity problem to the extend of training for a lavish retreat for themselves.The subordinate managers have persuasive interest in concealing the magnanimous news. This is meant to avoid or delay personal embarrassment and other associated risks such as the likelihood of a price drop in its shares. In Enron, individual executives who decided to hide the dubious partnership feared corroding of status (Cohan, 2002). They felt that they needed to protect both their self and external image. The same case was evident in AIG, where the subordinate managers saw the need for over costing their assets to redeem their image.Overconfidence and optimism is displayed in the two companies by the senior executives especially in press releases. Overconfidence creates a strong image for any company in the eyes of the public . Executives who are overconfident and optimistic are considered to be successful managers. This is because they are able to persuade and influence people even in the face of a crisis. The executives in Enron and AIG were also in the bid of making a name for themselves. Senior executives assured employees would continuously rise even in the event of financial instability in Enron.The captain executive officer in AIG assured investors that they would still get their bonuses even as the company was being bailed out (FRB, 2009). Corporate culture cannot be ruled out in the forethought of the two companies. This refers to the norms of the company which are well known to the management and the subordinate employees. They supersede other business or ethical laws in case of a conflict. Cynism as a corporate culture fosters the breaking of rules as a means to succeed. Ethical rules are downstairs enforced with the focus being to maximize profits.The Enron and AIG were caught up in this culture when they faced a financial crisis. They misrepresented their debts and assets respectively in the companys sheet so as to reflect broad(prenominal) profits and attract investors (Cohan, 2002). All this is done in total disregard for accounting ethics. Myopic information within the organization is also prevalent in the two companies. This might be due to our hold cognitive capabilities but more so because the executives are too busy to deal with abundant data. They elect sifting this data and extracting barely what is relevant.They may also be lacking the skill to analyze and represent the data as was the case of Enrons former chairman Mr. Kenneth Lay. The directors in AIG and Enron, focused on information that confirmed their prior attitudes of leading institutions in the market. They disregarded any disconfirming information of possible collapse or liquidity issues. This is normally referred to as cognitive dissonance. It is usually difficult to change these beliefs a s one is seen as a threat to the companys status quo. Ms. Watkins, an employee in Enron became such a threat by warning a senior manager of a possible collapse (Cohan, 2002).A chief executive officers proposal in AIG was ignored on the same basis (FRB, 2009). bullying of subordinate employees by the senior employees is prevalent in Enron but not in AIG. In Enron, investigations against Mr. Andrew a former chief financial officer and other senior officers who were involved in fraud cases did not happen since no one was confident enough to confront them (Cohan, 2002). In AIG the accounting scandal is good investigated and no one is spared including a former chairman of the board.REFERENCES Federal Reserve Bank. (2009). History and development of AIG. Retrieved may 26,2009, from http//www. federalbank. orf/history/development. pdf Herbert, A. S. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. John, A. C. (2002). I didnt know and I was only doing my job. Has corporate governance careen ed out of control? A case study of Enrons information myopia. Journal of Business Ethics, 40 (3),275-299. Paul Z. Janet A. (1997). The social influence of confidence in group closing making.

Slavery in Africa Before Imperialism and After Essay Example for Free

Slavery in Africa Before Imperialism and After EssayAfrica can sadly be called the center of the worlds striverry. Slaverys origins can be traced down to Africa. Of course, before slaves urinate the market as a hot trade item, war captives and lawbreakers had been used as slaves in many a(prenominal) countries around the world for all time. But the act of the slave market began in Africa. Before the Europeans arrived in Africa, the slave market was much more relaxed. In a way it was just a comminuted community business. There were Arab flash markets, and the Africans themselves, had been trading slaves for centuries before the Europeans arrived around the 1450s. Their strategy was to charge higher prices for the slaves that could non easily escape back to their homelands or be easily rescued by their kin. Along with that tactic, the slave brokers also purposely separated family members and slaves from the same villages. The African slave trade before the Europeans inhibited t he manner of regional African cultures and tribal identities.When the Portuguese arrived they saw the potential value of the slave trade and promptly adopted the Arab and African policies and practices of the trade. They also added their own systematic traffic in slaves that were sent to work the saccharide plantations that Portugal and eventually Spain established on the West African coast. The Portuguese need and desire for slaves completely transcend the previous slave trade. And instead of the local African tribal slave system, slave trading became a huge business.Millions of Africans were taken from their homes and villages to be shipped around the world, but mainly the Americas and Europe. The new work force on the American plantations determine the future for the Americans. Overall, when the Europeans arrived in Africa the slave trade was quickly turned around and shaped into a super successful and booming business that was one of the Europeans best money making projects .

Graduate Essay Example for Free

Graduate showHigh expectations College adits ar toughapproximately 50 percent of only college applicants atomic number 18 rejected by their school of choice. And when it comes to graduate school, things are even tougher, and expectations are higher. The ability to fashion a piece of writing that properly illustrates your individuality and distinguishing characteristics are vital for admission. Admissions officers look at thousands of essays, so differentiating yourself is vital. However, distinguishing yourself from every adept else can be a tough challenge.Thats why were here to help. Survival of the fittest You will find yourself play off against thousands of other students, many with similar backgrounds and similar academic ratings. What you need is an unforgettable first impressionone that will get you instant approval in the eyes of admissions officers. The key to that first impression is your admission essay, which is your primary chance for a good first impression . It is your first chance at presenting a well-thought-out exhibition of your worth, your virtues, and your individuality. Fresh ideasAny victor writer will agree that editing by persons other than the writer himself is a very important step in the writing process. Even the most seasoned writer can always benefit from the fresh eyes of a third party, whether editing or reappraisal is needed. Thats where we come in. Our team of professionals will edit and reinvent your essay to give it that fresh edge. An essay that looks resembling everybody elses will take no time to reach the reject pile. But with the extensive experience of our writers and editors, we are quick to recognize the ordinary from the excellent, vastly improving your chances of getting accepted.Our service You can take benefit of our pool of experienced professionals to leverage yourself above the majority of applicants. We eliminate any grammatical errors and unneeded wordiness, and we contour sentence structure and improve style. We offer three types of services according to your needs. First is our Admission Essay Writing service, where personal facts are presented to the best advantage. While good grades and flawless records are also important, they are not enough to distinguish you. What really differentiates an admissions essay is the personality and character that the essay shows about you. siemens is our Admission Essay Editing service, where we eliminate all spelling, grammar and style errors. Most importantly, emphasizing your individuality by affecting a unique style and preserving your voice. Our third service is the Admission Essay Review, which entails elimination of errors and professional editors suggestions for improving your essay, again with special emphasis on stressing your individuality. All services are delivered as double-spaced, 12 point Times New Roman documents, with no page limits.

Timeless or Everlasting God Essay Example for Free

Timeless or Everlasting god EssayThe definition of an eternal God would be a God that has existed throughout time and space, linked to Gods feature of speech of being omnipresent, basically meaning that He is present everywhere at all times. This would mean that he is a in-person God as he is immanent and is involved with humanity. This back up events analogous miracles and revelations within the world, as they are caused by God so are evidence of his personal descent with humans. The definition of a timeless God would mean that God exists outside of time. This links to the characteristic of God which some believers believe he is transcendent. This means that God exists outside of time and space so and so has an impersonal consanguinity with humanity, meaning He would not be able to influence humanity in the form of miracles or revelations. This view is commonly thought by believers of deism, who believe that an omnipotent God created the world, alone then left it to do its own thing and learn from its own mistakes and no longer looks everywhere it.There are more benefits to an everlasting God, mainly because it would explain how miracles occur. However it also means that thither can be revelations in the form of praying as a personal God may solvent ones prayers as He is within the universe. Another advantage would be that a personal God can also try to teach us right from wrong and would discipline us like a parental figure.This is shown in Genesis chapter 1, where God is also shown to have more human-like characteristics and he punishes Adam and Eve much like a parental figure showing his personal relationship with humans. Also the biggest benefit would be that it be proof that Jesus was the Son of God. However an advantage of having a timeless God would be that as God exists outside time and space then he would see all events and therefore he would know everything past, present and future. This would mean that he would be an wise God.

African American civil Essay Example for Free

African American accomplished EssayAnalyze the changes that occurred during the 1960s in the goals, strategies, and support of the movement for African American civil rights.Before the 1960s, African American civil rights were severely encroached upon. All aspects of American life, from hospitals to schools to water fountains, were segregated,. Literacy tests, poll taxes, the grandpa clause, and pure intimidation kept African Americans out of the polls. The 1960s, the peak years of the civil rights movement, showed changes in the goals of the civil rights movement, evolving from desegregation to voting rights to equal economic hazard the accompanying strategiesshifted accordingly with the goals, litigation being more(prenominal) popular during the first goal and the civil rights movement gained support from whites, including some prominent leaders, but lost some black support, as it progressed. The goals of the African American civil rights movement changed as a catalysts elicit change, or the goals were achieved the first goal, desegregation, lasted from 1947-1963 the goal of voting rights extended from 1963-1965, and the last goal equal economic opportunity and improving urban conditions, officially lasted from 1965-1968. In the early 1960s, the civil rights movement focused on targeting the uncontrolled segregation. The movement continued to win desegregation victories through the other strategies, finally culminating in Johnsons 1964 civilised Rights Act, which outlawed segregation in public accommodations and was specific to prevent the loopholes that other desegregation laws had contained. However, in family line 1963, the Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama was bombed, killing four black girls. The shock and disgust that the African American community felt at the bombing caused the civil rights movement to schism. The two options were to shift the movement or become violent. As a result, the movement changed to focus on achieving voting rights, so that blacks could elect political.

River based tourism in Nepal: An analysis

River found tourism in Nepal An abridgmentRivers ground tourism in NepalIntroductionNepal is rich in piss re bugs so river plays an important type that passs from Himalayas to Terai. In Nepal, rivers ar treated as goddess (SAARC Tourism, 2009). Rivers argon the ever flow swan and excessively inspiring source of beauty and also people can enjoy the infinite adventure to the fullest (SAARC Tourism, 2009). In Nepal, when the mountain melts wherefore the river flows across the rural and this makes the country the choice of more thriller and adventure.There be more than thousands of river in Nepal so Nepal is the second largest country in water resources after Brazil (prabin, 2010). There argon m each Brobdingnagian as well as small rivers in Nepal so most of the big rivers in Nepal flow from Mountain Region such as Karnali, Arun, Tamakoshi and so on (Khadka, n.d.). These rivers be also called snow ply rivers. Rivers in Nepal are divided into three basic categories they are Koshi, Gandaki and Karnali. Among these Koshi is genius of the longest rivers in the country and comprises of una same rivers like Arun, Tamakoshi, Indravati, Dudhkoshi, Tamor, Likhu and Sunkoshi (Thamel Dot Com, n.d.).In Nepal, many touring car scrutinises only for the swashbuckling social function. Rafting, kayaking could be oneness of them. So tourist comes to Nepal for rafting because Nepal is one of the best countries for rafting. Bhotekoshi River is one which is just three to four hour farthest from Kathmandu which provides some of the most adventurous activities like rafting, kayaking and cannoning and also this river is one of the best rivers for rafting in the world. quarry of the written reportThe objectives of the following research are as followsTo find protrude the state of river tourism in NepalTo understand the profile of river establish tourist gabbleing Nepal.To assess prospects and growths of river found tourism in Nepal. shotResearcher has create d some statement according to the result of an experiment.Hypothesis 1Most of the foreigners from US, England, Australia and Canada visited Nepal only for adventurous purpose like hiking, rafting, trekking and kayaking.Hypothesis 2The tourists of age group from 16-30 years visited Nepal only for adventure.Hypothesis 3Most of the foreigners visits Nepal for adventure purpose are male.Hypothesis 4Political instability directly walk outs river based tourism and also in countrys economy.Problem statementWhat is the current situation of river based tourism in Nepal?Sub-problemsAgainst which gender and age group do river based tourism attract tourist?What is the age group of the instructor who leave train to raft?Is the age group from 16-30+ above preferent to go for rafting?How many foreigners come for rafting or kayaking?How river based tourism practices in Nepal?Is in that respect any actor working for river based tourism?How travel agents promoting river based tourism in other co untries?What are the different promotional activities used by travel agent for river based tourism?What are the impacts of river based tourism in Nepal?How judicature plays their role in the development of river based tourism?How travel agent provides security department while rafting and kayaking to the tourists?Literature ReviewThere are many rivers in Nepal which flows from Koshi to Mahakali. close to all of the rafting alliance in Nepal favors tourism that cherishes the visitors with providing deep knowledge and conserving the cultures and environment they visit (Himalayan River Operator Nepal, 2014).According to Nepal Gateway, Bhotekoshi River is also called albumen Water River and is one of the best and Short River rafting in Nepal with the intense of thrilling rafting adventure ( Nepal Gateway Trekking, 2014). Almost all the rivers of Nepal flow from the mountain region and come with the high forces with continuous rapid action and this makes the tourist more adventurous and thrilling. Adventure tourism is not just trekking and mountaineering, now rafting and river based any activities are also counted as the adventure tourism. According to The Ministry of Cultural, Tourism and Civil Aviation, the statistics shows that there has been the increment of the tourists in Nepal for the purpose of adventurous activities (Binu, 2013).According to N. P. Bhandary R. K. Dahal and M. Okamura, Pokhara is one of the tourist destinations of Nepal where on 5 may, 2012 a devastating debris tangled flood in the downstream of Seti River where many people are killed in that disaster (N.P. Bhandari, n.d.).. The tourism statistics by Ministry of culture, Tourism and civil Aviation (MOCTCA, 2012) shows that the digits of tourists who are in the age group 16-30 years visit the country mainly for adventurous purpose (Binu, 2013).Nepals main asset is water and it is the second highest in the world. According to Pashupati SJB Rana, if the rivers of Nepal are harnessed, con trolled and utilized neatly in a sustainable manner then there will be the development in the tourism firmament and as well as in the local battlefields also which simply results in the development of the country (Lohani, 2011). So this helps in the tourism sector and for those people who gives the interest towards river. If the political relation does this in eon then some of the environmental factors could be controlled like flood, landslide etc. If the tourist comes to Nepal then the countrys economy automatically rises up.According to (MOCTCA) Ministry of culture, Tourism and civil Aviation, the countries like England, France, US, Australia, Japan, Canada, Russia visited Nepal for adventurous activities like rafting, trekking, hiking and others (N.P. Bhandari, n.d.).Nepal has no less than 83000 MV hydro potential. But availability of the ancestry is a major constraint so according to Binod Bhattarai tourism has suffered a setback in new years because of policy-making ins tability as well as economical condition and ling mystify ethnic conflict (Lohani, 2011). Climate change can also have a direct picture in river based tourism. In the winter season, the flow of river will be low because melting request of an ice is low so there will be low tourist turnover and by this economy of the country will automatically be low.Rafting in NepalRivers of Nepal flow rather faster than any of other countries in the world. Bhotekoshi River ranked top 6 in the world in case of rafting ( Himalayan River Operator Nepal, 2014). So many foreigners visit Bhotekoshi River for the main purpose of rafting. There are many agents who are helping foreigners as well as local people for the development of rafting. So rivers of Nepal flow so fast that for the rafter they can enjoy the thriller and adventurous moment.Another popular destiny for rafting is Trishuli River. Trishuli River is also genuinely popular river for rafting for foreigners and as well as local people. Just 3 to 4 hours it takes from Kathmandu to slide by Trishuli River so people can easily go there.KayakingKayaking is one of the adventurous games done in the kindling of white water kayaking on warm and Friendly River (Himalayan River Operator, 2014). Just with a hotshot boat, a single soulfulness with international level experienced instructor, people can enjoy the excitement in the river flowing very forcedly. Kayaking is very popular in Bhotekoshi River and as well as in Trishuli River.Sightseeing Rivers are not only for rafting and kayaking but also people can spend hours and hours sitting at the buzzword of the river. They can relax and can enjoy the flow of the river. The image of the sun reflecting on the river could be the pretty moment and the people cannot forget that moment and it is very hard to imagine. Rivers of Nepal is one of the natures gifts that one can fell like heavenly experience.Limitation of literature reviewLimitation is the certain of limits. This study has some problems and limited as well. Certain limitations are highlighted towards belowRespondent has not given proper attention due to lack of time and resources.Study was carried out within Thamel area.Busy schedule of true person led impossible to fetch maximum entropy.Some selective information were on hypothetical arrogance because due to the lack of fact knowledge and written statement.Conclusion Literature ReviewThere are many rivers in Nepal among them Bhotekoshi and Trishuli River are the best for rafting and kayaking. These rivers are also called White Water River with thrilling and adventurous activities. The rivers of Nepal come with high forces which flow from mountain region and make the foreigners more adventurous and thrilling.All the data slanged by the researcher shows that there has been the increment of the tourist in Nepal in case of river based tourism. The age group from 16-30 years visits Nepal every year for adventure. Also the foreigners from differe nt countries visited Nepal for rafting, trekking, hiking and others. Nepal is rich in water resources so it ranked second in the world.The researcher found that rivers are being polluted day by day this directly affects the economy of the country as well as river based tourism. If the government does not take action about this then river tourism will be diminished slowly. methodologySampleMinimum hundred of randomly selected persons of equally Nepalese and foreigner will be asked to figure here in the survey. The population of foreigner people found more comparing towards other quotidian people close to Thamel area. Therefore, 65% of the foreigners are interested in tourism activities where as 35% of the Nepalese are involved in tourism activities. However, current surveys explain that flow of foreigner citizens are developing in the coming days. Finally after the long survey, targeted place will be sited at Thamel area so that calculation of international citizen will count easy .MethodThe research use soft methods to lay away all the possible data. Hundreds of respondent are participated in this study. Researcher poised all the questionnaire and this questionnaire are asked to the respondent. Qualitative interviewing is done by two ways process which gives the researcher to gather all the data more or less subjective and value overloaded (Healey, 1999-2014 ).Research toolsThe study is done in mold to grasp the ideas on what was the current state of River based tourism in Nepal. Certain research tools are required to achieve capture data and information certain tools areObservation There are two types of observation which includes participative and non-participative.Internet/books The researcher read all the books and as well through online undercoat to collect the proper and appropriate data.Interview Interview simply means the conversation of a person gathering some information from another person. So, the researcher will gather all the possible dat a through the interview.Questionnaire Researcher draws some possible questionnaire to collect the necessary data. The researcher has collected some questions in which respondent will give all the possible answers, by this researcher will get the appropriate data.The local respondent will be asked according to the questions collected or any information associate to the respondents.Data collectionResearcher will collect the data through online methods. Also the researcher would collect the data through face to face interview so researcher can get highest responses rate in survey research. Furthermore, this allows the researcher to get the appropriate answers. Finally data can be collected through online or face to face interview which saves the time and as well as data or information can be entered directly in the database safely and easily (University of Wisconsin Eau claire, n.d).Data abbreviationData analysis is the process of the evaluating the data using analytical and logical reasoning to find out each component of the data provided (Dasta Analys, 2014). Data analysis is done by gathering data from heterogeneous sources, then reviewed and then analyzed to find out the conclusion. The researcher collected all the data from the miscellaneous source and came to the result.Timeline of activitiesConclusionResearcher found that river is one of the most important resources of Nepal and it flows from Himalayan to Terai Region. Many foreigners visit Nepal for the purpose of rafting, cannoning or kayaking. There are many rivers which are suitable for rafting and some of them are Bhotekoshi River and Trishuli River. The defilement is increasing day by day in Kathmandu so the researcher found that the number of tourist is decreasing day by day.Now the rivers are being polluted day by day so the researcher found that in the near future these types of adventurous activities like rafting, kayaking will be diminished soon. Not only rivers are for rafting or kayaking p urpose one can their time by sitting at the bank of the river, relax and can watch the flow of rivers. Due to political instability of Nepal, most of the time there will be strike so this directly affect the economic condition of Nepal and by this many tourist could not come to visit Nepal.The countries like US, England, Australia, and Canada broadly speaking visit Nepal for the adventurous purpose like rafting or kayaking. The researcher has found that now rafting, kayaking are also categories into adventurous activities.AppendixQ.1. Which are the potential river sites where river based tourism is possible?Q.2. What are the different activities of river based tourism?Q.3. What are the types of river suitable for river tourism?Q.4. What are the potential customers of river based tourism?Q.5. What are the government policies and plans for river based tourismReferenceHimalayan River Operator Nepal. (2014). Rafting in Nepal. Retrieved from himalayanriveroperator http//www.himalayanriv eroperator.com/rafting-in-nepal.phpNepal Gateway Trekking. (2014). Bhote Koshi River Rafting. Retrieved from nepalgatewaytrekking http//www.nepalgatewaytrekking.com/nepal/rafting-kayaking-package/bhote-koshi-river-rafting.htmlBinu. (2013, September 1). Adventure tourism gains popularity. Retrieved from ametreks http//ametreks.com/blog/2013/09/01/adventure-tourism-gains-popularity/Dasta Analys. (2014). Retrieved from Businessdictionary http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/data-analysis.htmlHealey, M. (1999-2014 ). Tools for Qualitative Research. Retrieved from ehow http//www.ehow.com/info_8036314_tools-qualitative-research.htmlHimalayan River Operator. (2014). Kayak Clinics and Expedition. Retrieved from himalayanriveroperator http//www.himalayanriveroperator.com/kayaking-in-nepal.phpHimalayan River Operator Nepal. (2014). Adventure Adrenaline Whitewater Rafting and Kayaking in Nepal. Retrieved from himalayanriveroperator http//www.himalayanriveroperator.com/Khadka, S. K. (n.d .). Nepal main rivers and watersheds. Retrieved from newworldatlas http//newworldatlas.blogspot.com/2011/08/nepal-main-rivers-and-watersheds.htmlLohani, M. P. (2011). Harnessing Nepal Water Resources and expanding tourism potential . Retrieved from telegraphnepal http//www.telegraphnepal.com/national/2014-11-20/harnessing-nepal-water-resources-and-expanding-tourism-potential.htmlN.P. Bhandari, R. D. (n.d.). Preliminary Understanding of the Seti River Debris-Flood in. Retrieved from hils http//www.hils.org.np/ranjan/papers/setiIssmg.pdfprabin. (2010, March 28). innate RESOURCES IN NEPAL Forest, Water, Soil and Minerals. Retrieved from nepaldestination http//nepaldestination.blogspot.com/2010/03/natural-resources.htmlSAARC Tourism. (2009). Rivers of Nepal. Retrieved from nepal.saarctourism http//nepal.saarctourism.org/rivers.htmlThamel Dot Com. (n.d.). Rivers of Nepal. Retrieved from thamel http//www.thamel.com/htms/rivers.htmUniversity of Wisconsin Eau claire. (n.d). Quantitative an d Qualitative Data collection methods . Retrieved from uwec http//people.uwec.edu/piercech/ResearchMethods/Data collection methods/selective information COLLECTION METHODS.htm

Identification of Dermatophytes | Experiment

Identification of Dermatophytes ExperimentAbstractDermatophytosis constitutes a separate of superficial fungous infections of keratinized structures ilk stratum corneum of the skin, nails and hair. Despite the availability of effective antimycotic agent agents, dermatophytic infections persist in to be one of the principal infections throughout the world, especially in tropical countries like India. Identification of contributing(prenominal) dermatophytic species in clinical settings are not only of epidemiological concerns but alike important for the intervention of alternatively common dermatophytosis with great precision.To rent the clinical variants, species of kingdom Fungi causing dermatophytic infections, epidemiological factors responsible for(p) for the disease in central Mysore, molecular impression and anti fungal susceptibility tests by MIC.The prospective empirical analyses of clinically suspected 600 dermatophytic infected cases were studied at the Derma tology department of K.R. Hospital and C.S.I. Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India. The knowledge was conducted from November 2010 to October 2012. alone the cases were evaluated and patients data were recorded as per pre-designed proforma. Skin scraping, hair and nail samples were self- hive away, processed, molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility test were done according to standard mycological protocol. Patients on topical and systemic antifungal treatment were excluded from the wassail study.Clinically suspected 600 patients samples were collected, among them 389 (64.8%) were skin scraping, 113 (18.8%) were hair plucking and 98 (16.3%) were nail clipping. They were processed for isolation and appellation of dermatophytes from different clinical types. The specific and non specific variables effecting dermatophytosis were besides analyzed.Samples were collected throughout the family, of which samples collected from July to October showed proudest i ncidence of dermatophyte infection among patients. The number of model collected beneath the age group 21-30 years were 333 (55.5%), which was statistically significant (PMicrosporum canis and 12 were infected by Trichophyton verrucosum.Among 600 clinically suspected dermatophytes infected patients, 433 (72.2%) samples were collected from K.R. Hospital and 167 (27.8%) samples were collected from C.S.I. Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore. The various factors which were found to increase chances of acquiring dermatophytosis were by sharing bed, 343 (57.2%) not bathing daily, 362 (60.3%) and domestic animals in their house, 102 (17.0%). Partial treatment and over the counter medication was also considered as major factors influencing dermatophytic infection among patients. Less number of patients 86 (14.3%) showed family history of dermatophytosis. Most of the patients visited to the Doctor in 5th-8th week after infection, 391 (53.2%). During that period of infection, they were e ither taking home made medicine or over the counter medicine.Most of the cases found predominantly were tinea corporis and tinea capitis. Tinea corporis 282 (47.0%) and tinea capitis 75 (12.5%) were seen among 26-30 year old patients and 6-10 year old patients respectively. Most of the isolates belonged to three genera and eight species, where T. mentagrophytes was predominantly isolated 105 (29.7%), T. rubrum 84 (23.8%) was isolated from tinea corporis cases, T. violacium 4 (12.2%), T. verrucosum 54 (15.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum 11 (3.1%), M. canis 13 (3.6%), T. tonsurans 38 (10.8%) and T. schoenleinii 5 (1.4%) were also isolated from different cases of tinea.Dermatophytes infected culture dogmatic, 132 patient samples (skin scrapings, hair plucking and nail clipping), were obtained for molecular characterization in the study. Nearly 87 males and 45 females were referred by Department of Dermatology, K.R. Hospital and C.S.I. Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore during two year s of study period. The collected samples were analyzed by both look at microscopic examination and culture assays. Of the 132 culture positive cases, the organisms identified by phenotypic characterization were belonging to three genera and eight species viz., T. mentagrophytes 52 (39.4%), T. rubrum 30 (22.7%), T. violacium 18 (13.6%), T. verrucosum 11 (8.3%), E. floccosum 10 (7.6%), M. canis 6 (4.5%), T. tonsurans 3 (2.3%) and T. schoenleinii 2 (1.5%). The culture isolates of these organisms were further characterized by PCR. The present study showed positive result for phenotypically analyzed culture positive with 100% sensitivity and specificity by PCR.PCR targeting upcountry transcribed spacer (ITS) and Chitin synthase 1 was painful to detect 10 picograms and 1 femtogram of T. rubrum DNA respectively. From the same source (houses) 10 isolates from patients and 10 domestic animals were subjected to both PCR and RFLP. The product after agarosegel electrophoresis, restriction en zyme mownting patern was found to be infected by same T. verrucosum with 100% sensitivity and specificity. This piazzas that T. verrucosum infection is from animal source.The dermatophyte specific primer based PCR-RFLP which targets the natural transcribed spacer and chitin synthase 1 region are useful in the direct identification of dermatophytosis from clinical specimens. The exercise of the Hae III, Hinf I and Mva I restriction enzymes by using the ITS amplicons and chitin synthase 1 region are constant, stable and duplicatable show variation within the species, so these sequences have been widely utilise to develop rapid unconscious processs for the identification of fungal species by PCR-RFLP analysis. The PCR-RFLP method, on using the dermatophyte specific primer with restriction enzymes Mva I, Hae III and Hinf I, showed species differentiation among the T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes isolates. Since direct microscopy and culture have limitations, performing a direct PCR on the clinical specimens can augment the diagnosis of more dermatophytic cases.PCR confirmed 132 dermatophytic samples were taken for antifungal sensitivity test. In the current study, among 132 isolates of dermatophytes some are sensitive and some are moving towards resistance, but high MIC value indicated that it has slowly begetd adaptation towards the drug. This indicates in boney future it will develop drug resistance against the antifungal agents. Twenty three isolates (14.4%) were showing high MIC value for fluconazole of which T. mentagrophytes (8), T. rubrum (5) and T. verrucosum (10) and M. canis (3) had MIC50 of 16 g ml-1. Second some frequently used drug bordering to fluconazole is ketoconazole, which had MIC50 of 0.125 g ml-1 for most of the isolates. Griseofulvin, itraconazole and terbinafine showed similar results of 0.03-0.06 g ml-1.The present study showed drug absorption inhibition of some fungi against 50% of isolates and 90% of isolates and their geome tric mean of five drugs against 132 isolates. MIC50 and MIC90 were not decided because of small number of samples i.e., C. parapsilosis ATCC-22019 were within the value standardized by CLSI guidelines.The study high decreaseed tinea corporis as the most common clinical convention of dermatophytosis followed by tinea capitis in Mysore. The predominant causative fungal species isolated were T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. violacium, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, M. canis, T. tonsurans and T. schoenleinii confirmed by PCR with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Trichophyton verrucosum was isolated and confirmed by PCR and RFLP from gay and their domestic animals (from animals to human). PCR-RFLP provides the best technique for dermatophytic identification at species aim. MIC was done to see susceptibility and resistance pattern for clinician as well as for lab workers where terbinafine was 100% sensitive drug against dermatophytes. Clinical paygrade and fungal species identificatio n are mandatory for proper management of dermatophytosis rather than empirical treatment. indispensableness for the studyIn the medical science dermatophytes are constant parasites of human creations, and has survived several generations of therapeutic regimens, ranging from adept dose antifungal to several dose drugs like griseofulvin, tolnaftate and early imidazole. There are some dermatophytes which were grand once upon a time but now it is rare, it may be due to geographical restrictions, indicate that economy, geography, type of the species and environmental factors also interferes with the dermatophytic survival and distribution. It is equally important to review anthropophilic dermatophyte as well as zoophilic dermatophytes, which may increase chances of infection in the near future, as immunocompromised diseases are increasing mean solar day by day.The dermatophytes are oldest parasites of human and animals. Good and specified knowledge about these agents are still furt hest from human understanding. The medical mycologists have done considerable work, but the studies were mainly devoted to the reactions of the host rather than the study of the parasites. The rates of publication on dermatophytes are limited as compared to the extensive work being done in the field of bacteriology and virology. As we know, these dermatophytic infections are not usually life threatening, but press an interesting approach to the variety of fundamental problems in human, animals and fungal biology.The obvious reasons apparently disregard to the study of Medial MycologyMost of the fungal diseases are not fatal and hence do not take in much attention of the investigators.The development of the infection is very slow and persists for years without any serious molest to the host.Carrier among human and animals is very common and survives for decades without harming the host.Methods of isolation and identification are relatively very entangled and require long time to obtain positive results.Most of them are sensitive to the limited antifungal drugs except few and drug resistance is very slow and limited.Sources of infection are mostly human, animals and soil.Factors that make to do research on dermatophytesIncreasing incidence of immunocompromised diseases in and around the world.Changing patterns of dermatophytic infections with revision in environment.Development of repellent species among the dermatophytes.Carrier harbours pathogenic species for many years to produce disease under favourable condition.Formulate treatment of choice according to the new changing pattern of drug resistant dermatophytes.fungous infections of skin, hair and nail are common in hot and humid climate. Humans acquire various dermatophytic infections due to poor health hygienic conditions. The present investigation was aimed to study molecular level identification of tinea by PCR and its antifungal susceptibility test.Objectives of the studyTo study the incidence of dermatophytic infections and their clinical variantsTo secern the sources of infection by PCR for dermatophytesTo determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testSlide cultureFor visualisation of the normal colonial characteristics, arrangement and morphology of spores and mycelial appendages, slide culture was done. SDA media without antibiotics or cornmeal agar with 1% glucose was used. Lactophenol like plant moody was used as the maturateing politic for easy visualization of hyphae and spores (WHO, 1986).AdvantagesIt is arapid method of preparing fungal colonies for examination and identification.Permits fungi to be studied virtually in situ with as little disturbance as possible fungi were identified mostly by close examination of its morphology and the characteristics it possess.We were growing the fungi directly on the slide on a thin film of agar. By doing this, at that place was no need to remove a portion of the fungus from a culture plate and transfer it to the slide. So there wasless chances for the features that were key to identification, notably the spore-bearing structures, without any damage.A modified method adapted from Roberts et al. (2003) and expound here fulfills those requirements. infertile 1.5% water agar (7 to 8 ml) was poured into unfertilised 60-mm plastic petri plates and allowed to solidify. A sterile 22-mm2 cover meth was come to on the agar. The desired nutrient agar medium (10 ml) was poured into a second 60-mm petri dish, allowed to solidify, and cut with a sterile stainless steel spatula into blocks approximately 5 to 8 mm2. sensation block was aseptically removed and placed on the cover codswallop. Inoculation of the agar block on one or more sides with fungal hyphae or conidia was followed by placement of a second sterile cover glass on top of it. by and by the petridish lid was replaced, the completed modified slide culture was incubated at the desired temperature until adequate growth and conidiogene sis had occurred. to each one cover glass was used to prepare a semi permanent mount on a standard microscope slide 3 by 1 inch (7.62 by 2.54 cm). The top cover glass was lifted away with forceps and wetted on the specimen side with a drop of ethanol (70 to 90%). One drop of fungus mounting medium (e.g., lactophenol cotton blue) was applied to the specimen, and the cover glass was lowered gently onto the slide, specimen side down. The bottom cover glass was lifted from the water agar and similarly mounted on a second slide. The nutrient agar block adhered to one of the cover glasses during the cover glass mounting procedure and was carefully lifted off with a sterile dissecting needle before the exercise of alcohol and mounting medium. Heat fixation of the cover glasses before mounting as described by McGinnis may improve the stability of the conidium-bearing structures (James, 2011).Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB)The Lactophenol Cotton Blue wet mount forwardness was the most wid ely used method of staining and observing fungi and was simple to prepare. The planning has three components phenol, which will kill any live organisms lactic acid which preserves fungal structures, and cotton blue which stains the chitin in the fungal cell walls. It was used constantly as a mounting fluid when examining culture of fungi microscopically (Leck, 2012).MaterialsLactic acid .. 20 mlPhenol (crystals.. 20 gmGlycerine.. 40 mlWater (distilled) 20 mlMixed the above gently and added 50 mg the dye,cotton blue.ProcedurePlaced a drop of 70% alcohol on a microscope slide.Immersed the specimen / material in the drop of alcohol.Added one or at most two drops of the lactophenol cotton blue mount and stained before the alcohol dries out.Holding the cover fall asleep amongst indicator and thumb, touched one edge of the drop of mount with the cover slip edge, and lowered gently, avoiding air bubbles. The preparation was ready for examination.Hair penetration testMany isolates of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes are difficult to distinguish between on the basis of colony morphology and microscopic appearance. This in vitro test is the best method to distinguish between these two dermatophytesProcedureObtained a small amount of juvenile human hair and washed off fats and oils (kept hair in flask or beaker with 50 to 100 ml of ether, acetone or alcohol, shacked for 2 to 5 minutes and pour off the liquid).With scissors, a scalpel or a razor blade cut the hair into segments approximately 1 cm long.Put the hair in a glass petri plates, place on the lid and autoclaved for 10 to 15 minutes. This maintained sterility in the petri plates and can be used for 10 years.Calcofluor fresh Stain (CFW)It is a fluorescent stain for rapid detection of yeasts, fungi and parasitic organisms. Calcofluor White stain is a non-specific fluorochrome that binds to cellucose and chitin in cell walls (Chattaway and Barlow, 1954 Green et al., 1983 Hageage and Harrington, 2005).Composition Calcofluor White M2R 1g/l and Evans blue 0.5g/l.DirectionsPut the sample to be examined onto a clean glass slide.Add one drop of Calcofluor White Stain and one drop of 10% Potassium HydroxidePlace a cover slip over the specimen and let stand for 1 minute.Examine the slide under UV light at 100X to 400X magnification.Calcofluor White Stain was a non-specific fluorochrome that binds with cellulose and chitin contained in the cell walls of fungi and other organisms. The staining procedure with Calcofluor White Stain is a rapid method for the detection of many yeasts and pathogenic fungi like Microsporidium, Acanthamoeba, Pneumocystis, Naegleria, and Balamuthia species. Evans blue present in the stain act as a counter stain and diminishes minimise fluorescence of tissues and cells when using blue light excitation (not UV). A range of 300 to 440 nm (Emmax 433nm 0.1 M orthophosphate pH 7.0 cellulose) can be taken for emission wave length and the excitation occurs around 355nm. Fungal or parasitic organisms appear fluorescent bright green to blue, while other material is reddish-orange fluorescent. Attentions to be taken as cotton fibers will fluoresce strongly as well amoebic cysts are fluorescent. One drop of 10% potassium hydroxide solution can be added for better visualization of fungal elements.